Lokaci na Lokaci na Abubuwa

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Abubuwan yanayi a cikin yanayi

Matsayi mai kyau na zazzabi da matsi

Matsakaitan yanayi don yanayin zafin jiki da matsin lamba sune daidaitattun tsarin yanayi don ƙididdigar gwaji don kafa don ba da damar yin kwatancen tsakanin bayanai daban-daban.

Hakanan ana kiran daidaitaccen zafin jiki da matsin lamba azaman daidaitattun yanayi. Tabbatattun yanayi na iya haɗawa da daidaitaccen yanayin zafi.

Hakanan wasu ƙungiyoyi suna amfani da ma'anoni da yawa game da daidaitattun yanayi (duba tebur ɗin ƙasa); wanda wani lokaci ake amfani da batun zafin ɗakin (kimanin digiri 25 a ma'aunin Celsius) maimakon 0 a ma'aunin Celsius.

Alkali karfe

Karafan Alkali rukuni ne na abubuwa a rukunin 1 na teburin lokaci-lokaci na abubuwan sunadarai (banda hydrogen). Waɗannan abubuwa suna aiki sosai kuma ba safai ake samun su cikin tsarkakakkiyar sifa a yanayi ba.

Halayen gama gari na waɗannan karafan alkali sune: farin azurfa, mai laushi tare da ƙarancin nauyi. Nan da nan amsa ga halogen farko.

Metalarfin alkaline na ƙasa

Wadannan karafa ana kiransu da suna alkaline earth saboda matsakaiciyar yanayinsu tsakanin alkalis (oxide na alkali metals) da kuma rare earths (oxide of rare earth metals).

Karfe mai canzawa

Transitionarƙirar ƙarfe abubuwa ne masu sinadarai 68 tare da lambobin atom daga 21 zuwa 30, 39 zuwa 48, 57 zuwa 80 da 89 zuwa 112. Dalilin wannan sunan shine matsayin su a cikin tebur na lokaci-lokaci saboda yana ɗaukar farkon miƙa mulki saboda ƙari na electrons a atomic orbit na ajin d.

Idan aka fi bayyana shi sosai, karafa masu canzawa abubuwa ne wadanda suke samarda akalla ion daya tare da wani bangare wanda yake cike da danshi (orbital) d, watau, abubuwan d-element sai dai sinadarin sinadarin zinc.

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